R version 4.4.0 beta (2024-04-15 r86425 ucrt) -- "Puppy Cup" Copyright (C) 2024 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions. Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details. R is a collaborative project with many contributors. Type 'contributors()' for more information and 'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications. Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or 'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help. Type 'q()' to quit R. > library("tuneR") > library("tools") > > x1 <- sine(660, pcm=TRUE, bit=8, duration=500) > x2 <- sine(440, pcm=TRUE, bit=8, duration=500) > x3 <- sine(220, pcm=TRUE, bit=8, duration=500) > x1_2 <- stereo(sine(440, bit=8, pcm=TRUE, duration=500), sine(220, bit=8, pcm=TRUE, duration=500)) > > ## writeWave > files <- tempfile(as.character(1:100), fileext = ".wav") > ## 8bit (pcm) > ## - mono > writeWave(x2, file = files[1], extensible = TRUE) > writeWave(x2, file = files[2], extensible = FALSE) > ## - stereo > writeWave(stereo(x2, x3), file = files[3], extensible = TRUE) > writeWave(stereo(x2, x3), file = files[4], extensible = FALSE) > ## 16bit (pcm) > ## - mono > writeWave(sine(440, pcm=TRUE, bit=16, duration=500), file = files[5], extensible = TRUE) > writeWave(sine(440, pcm=TRUE, bit=16, duration=500), file = files[6], extensible = FALSE) > ## - stereo > writeWave(stereo(sine(440, bit=16, pcm=TRUE, duration=500), sine(220, bit=16, pcm=TRUE, duration=500)), + file = files[7], extensible = TRUE) > writeWave(stereo(sine(440, bit=16, pcm=TRUE, duration=500), sine(220, bit=16, pcm=TRUE, duration=500)), + file = files[8], extensible = FALSE) > > ## 24bit (pcm) > ## - mono > writeWave(sine(440, pcm=TRUE, bit=24, duration=500), file = files[9], extensible = TRUE) > writeWave(sine(440, pcm=TRUE, bit=24, duration=500), file = files[10], extensible = FALSE) > ## - stereo > writeWave(stereo(sine(440, bit=24, pcm=TRUE, duration=500), sine(220, bit=24, pcm=TRUE, duration=500)), + file = files[11], extensible = TRUE) > writeWave(stereo(sine(440, bit=24, pcm=TRUE, duration=500), sine(220, bit=24, pcm=TRUE, duration=500)), + file = files[12], extensible = FALSE) > ## 32bit > sine32 <- sine(440, bit=32, duration=500) > sine32@left <- round(sine32@left, 5) > ## - IEEE_FLOAT mono > writeWave(sine32, file = files[13], extensible = TRUE) > writeWave(sine32, file = files[14], extensible = FALSE) > ## - pcm mono > writeWave(sine(440, pcm=TRUE, bit=32, duration=500), file = files[15], extensible = TRUE) > writeWave(sine(440, pcm=TRUE, bit=32, duration=500), file = files[16], extensible = FALSE) > ## - IEEE_FLOAT stereo > writeWave(stereo(sine32, sine32), file = files[17], extensible = TRUE) > writeWave(stereo(sine32, sine32), file = files[18], extensible = FALSE) > ## - pcm stereo > writeWave(stereo(sine(440, bit=32, pcm=TRUE, duration=500), sine(220, bit=32, pcm=TRUE, duration=500)), + file = files[19], extensible = TRUE) > writeWave(stereo(sine(440, bit=32, pcm=TRUE, duration=500), sine(220, bit=32, pcm=TRUE, duration=500)), + file = files[20], extensible = FALSE) > ## 64bit (IEEE_FLOAT) > exact64 <- c(-2^(-40:0), 2^(-40:0)) > ## - mono > writeWave(Wave(left = exact64, bit = 64, pcm = FALSE, samp.rate = 44100), file = files[21], extensible = TRUE) > writeWave(Wave(left = exact64, bit = 64, pcm = FALSE, samp.rate = 44100), file = files[22], extensible = FALSE) > ## - stereo > writeWave(Wave(left = exact64, right = exact64, bit = 64, pcm = FALSE, samp.rate = 44100), file = files[23], extensible = TRUE) > writeWave(Wave(left = exact64, right = exact64, bit = 64, pcm = FALSE, samp.rate = 44100), file = files[24], extensible = FALSE) > ## multi channel > mc <- WaveMC(cbind(x1@left, x2@left, x3@left), bit = 16, samp.rate = 44100) > colnames(mc) <- c("FL","FR","FC") > writeWave(mc, file = files[25], extensible = TRUE) > colnames(mc) <- c("FL","FC","FR") > writeWave(mc, file = files[26], extensible = TRUE) > as.vector(md5sum(files[1:26])) [1] "d6b5b4fb67c70623b846006d3dacc31a" "260749850777a90dbaedd681b3c5ba8b" [3] "b9f78ca2c8e92e4f9abb942448e268a8" "25138d453cbe744dd9886970c80bf4f0" [5] "76f31fce174fd86951d6b9e0880c05b3" "0604feca10976424e73deb47bfc8d62a" [7] "05a52bf41f8d60fd364f72e750ed1338" "c77a7fe72cf3151a0abd692f4ee2825a" [9] "d998942753e43819af4dfdaa441b089d" "9e53755475dace42a8e96701fbd6f8d7" [11] "baf4ecb945b6b94037d0e00c87244cbb" "668136ee23d40eecd8565e039f282942" [13] "dc2e8da3f982196b8fd2cab638a0ea10" "1a7619e67d1e30b40c171899c7dd60a9" [15] "5d42b4c049f7da55ce1803e8337f0d2c" "51570b11f0f02a6bb99a471d0cdc952b" [17] "df6de6ab44150994b57c0d24dbd7db6c" "57bfe2859ae7ab771abb1a11c09d9294" [19] "d055f2e6553312521073f0e2098e3405" "2d132425a5413dcc1fb2c4f619f5f628" [21] "fa1556e268efcb4b8946faa897d0e587" "6d6a1b6d5e86054aff75dd8ab5ef70e8" [23] "63fdb5792bd2e24bdee03bb28472e94d" "c00165746d9207683ddcc3df952120ff" [25] "b86657777ae89e1e2a0b5cbdaad6c056" "cc933b473c41512c4a86c87c3b62d1ba" > > ## Waveforms > ## sine > (x2) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Mono PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 8 > length(x2@left) [1] 500 > x2@stereo [1] FALSE > x2@samp.rate [1] 44100 > x2@bit [1] 8 > x2@pcm [1] TRUE > (x4 <- stereo(x2, x3)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Stereo PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 8 > length(x4@left) [1] 500 > x4@stereo [1] TRUE > x4@samp.rate [1] 44100 > x4@bit [1] 8 > x4@pcm [1] TRUE > (x5 <- sine(440, bit=32, duration = 500)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Mono PCM (integer format): FALSE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 32 > length(x5@left) [1] 500 > x5@stereo [1] FALSE > x5@samp.rate [1] 44100 > x5@bit [1] 32 > x5@pcm [1] FALSE > (x6 <- sine(440, bit=8, pcm=TRUE, samp.rate=11025, duration=500)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.05 Samplingrate (Hertz): 11025 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Mono PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 8 > length(x6@left) [1] 500 > x6@stereo [1] FALSE > x6@samp.rate [1] 11025 > x6@bit [1] 8 > x6@pcm [1] TRUE > (x7 <- sine(440, bit=8, pcm=TRUE, stereo = TRUE, duration=500)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Stereo PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 8 > length(x7@left) [1] 500 > x7@stereo [1] TRUE > x7@samp.rate [1] 44100 > x7@bit [1] 8 > x7@pcm [1] TRUE > ## pulse > (x37 <- pulse(220, duration = 1000)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 1000 Duration (seconds): 0.02 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Mono PCM (integer format): FALSE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 32 > length(x37@left) [1] 1000 > x37@stereo [1] FALSE > x37@samp.rate [1] 44100 > x37@bit [1] 32 > x37@pcm [1] FALSE > (x37_2 <- stereo(pulse(440, duration=1000), pulse(220, duration=1000))) Wave Object Number of Samples: 1000 Duration (seconds): 0.02 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Stereo PCM (integer format): FALSE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 32 > length(x37_2@left) [1] 1000 > x37_2@stereo [1] TRUE > x37_2@samp.rate [1] 44100 > x37_2@bit [1] 32 > x37_2@pcm [1] FALSE > (x38 <- pulse(440, duration = 1000, pcm = TRUE, bit = 8)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 1000 Duration (seconds): 0.02 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Mono PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 8 > length(x38@left) [1] 1000 > x38@stereo [1] FALSE > x38@samp.rate [1] 44100 > x38@bit [1] 8 > x38@pcm [1] TRUE > > ## normalize > (x8 <- normalize(x1, unit = "1", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = TRUE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Mono PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 32 > round(x8@left[1:10], 5) [1] -0.04045 0.05021 0.14088 0.22399 0.31466 0.39777 0.47332 0.54888 [9] 0.61688 0.67732 > (x9 <- normalize(x1, unit = "1", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = FALSE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Mono PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 32 > round(x9@left[1:10], 5) [1] -0.04183 0.05192 0.14567 0.23161 0.32536 0.41130 0.48942 0.56755 [9] 0.63786 0.70036 > (x10 <- normalize(x1, unit = "8", center = TRUE, level = 2, rescale = TRUE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Mono PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 8 > x10@left[1:10] [1] 117 140 163 184 207 228 247 266 284 299 > (x12 <- normalize(x1, unit = "8", center = TRUE, level = 2, rescale = FALSE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Mono PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 8 > x12@left[1:10] [1] 116 140 164 186 210 231 251 271 289 305 > (x13 <- normalize(x1, unit = "16", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = TRUE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Mono PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 16 > x13@left[1:10] [1] -1325 1645 4616 7339 10310 13034 15509 17985 20213 22194 > (x14 <- normalize(x1, unit = "16", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = FALSE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Mono PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 16 > x14@left[1:10] [1] -1371 1701 4773 7589 10661 13477 16037 18597 20901 22949 > (x15 <- normalize(x1, unit = "24", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = TRUE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Mono PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 24 > x15@left[1:10] [1] -339337 421224 1181785 1878966 2639527 3336708 3970508 4604309 5174730 [10] 5681771 > (x16 <- normalize(x1, unit = "24", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = FALSE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Mono PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 24 > x16@left[1:10] [1] -350880 435552 1221984 1942880 2729312 3450208 4105568 4760928 5350752 [10] 5875040 > (x17 <- normalize(x1, unit = "32", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = TRUE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Mono PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 32 > x17@left[1:10] [1] -86870268 107833358 302536985 481015309 675718935 854197259 [7] 1016450281 1178703303 1324731023 1454533441 > (x18 <- normalize(x1, unit = "32", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = FALSE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Mono PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 32 > x18@left[1:10] [1] -89825214 111501377 312827969 497377345 698703937 883253313 [7] 1051025473 1218797633 1369792577 1504010305 > (x19 <- normalize(x1, unit = "32", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = TRUE, pcm = FALSE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Mono PCM (integer format): FALSE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 32 > round(x19@left[1:10], 5) [1] -0.04045 0.05021 0.14088 0.22399 0.31466 0.39777 0.47332 0.54888 [9] 0.61688 0.67732 > (x20 <- normalize(x1, unit = "32", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = FALSE, pcm = FALSE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Mono PCM (integer format): FALSE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 32 > round(x20@left[1:10], 5) [1] -0.04183 0.05192 0.14567 0.23161 0.32536 0.41130 0.48942 0.56755 [9] 0.63786 0.70036 > (x21 <- normalize(x1, unit = "64", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = TRUE, pcm = FALSE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Mono PCM (integer format): FALSE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 64 > round(x21@left[1:10], 8) [1] -0.04045212 0.05021382 0.14087976 0.22399021 0.31465615 0.39776660 [7] 0.47332155 0.54887650 0.61687595 0.67731991 > (x22 <- normalize(x1, unit = "64", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = FALSE, pcm = FALSE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Mono PCM (integer format): FALSE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 64 > round(x22@left[1:10], 8) [1] -0.04182813 0.05192187 0.14567187 0.23160937 0.32535937 0.41129687 [7] 0.48942187 0.56754687 0.63785937 0.70035937 > (x23 <- normalize(x1_2, unit = "1", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = TRUE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Stereo PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 32 > round(x23@left[1:10], 5) [1] 0.00001 0.05589 0.11177 0.16765 0.22353 0.27242 0.32830 0.37719 0.42609 [10] 0.47498 > round(x23@right[1:10], 5) [1] -0.11293 -0.08499 -0.05705 -0.02911 -0.00117 0.02677 0.05470 0.08264 [9] 0.11058 0.13154 > (x24 <- normalize(x1_2, unit = "1", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = FALSE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Stereo PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 32 > round(x24@left[1:10], 5) [1] 0.00002 0.06252 0.12502 0.18752 0.25002 0.30470 0.36720 0.42189 0.47658 [10] 0.53127 > round(x24@right[1:10], 5) [1] -0.12631 -0.09506 -0.06381 -0.03256 -0.00131 0.02994 0.06119 0.09244 [9] 0.12369 0.14712 > (x25 <- normalize(x1_2, unit = "8", center = TRUE, level = 2, rescale = TRUE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Stereo PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 8 > x25@left[1:10] [1] 127 141 155 170 184 196 210 223 235 248 > x25@right[1:10] [1] 98 105 113 120 127 134 141 148 155 160 > (x26 <- normalize(x1_2, unit = "8", center = TRUE, level = 2, rescale = FALSE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Stereo PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 8 > x26@left[1:10] [1] 127 143 159 175 191 204 220 234 248 262 > x26@right[1:10] [1] 95 103 111 119 127 135 143 150 158 164 > (x27 <- normalize(x1_2, unit = "16", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = TRUE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Stereo PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 16 > x27@left[1:10] [1] 0 1831 3662 5493 7324 8926 10757 12359 13962 15564 > x27@right[1:10] [1] -3700 -2785 -1869 -954 -38 877 1793 2708 3623 4310 > (x28 <- normalize(x1_2, unit = "16", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = FALSE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Stereo PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 16 > x28@left[1:10] [1] 1 2048 4096 6144 8192 9984 12032 13824 15616 17408 > x28@right[1:10] [1] -4139 -3115 -2091 -1067 -43 981 2005 3029 4053 4821 > (x29 <- normalize(x1_2, unit = "24", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = TRUE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Stereo PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 24 > x29@left[1:10] [1] 117 468859 937601 1406343 1875085 2285234 2753976 3164126 3574275 [10] 3984424 > x29@right[1:10] [1] -947328 -712957 -478586 -244215 -9844 224527 458898 693269 927640 [10] 1103419 > (x30 <- normalize(x1_2, unit = "24", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = FALSE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Stereo PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 24 > x30@left[1:10] [1] 131 524419 1048707 1572995 2097283 2556035 3080323 3539075 3997827 [10] 4456579 > x30@right[1:10] [1] -1059586 -797442 -535298 -273154 -11010 251134 513278 775422 [9] 1037566 1234174 > (x31 <- normalize(x1_2, unit = "32", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = TRUE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Stereo PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 32 > x31@left[1:10] [1] 29999 120027968 240025937 360023905 480021874 585020097 [7] 705018065 810016288 915014510 1020012733 > x31@right[1:10] [1] -242515895 -182516910 -122517926 -62518942 -2519957 57479027 [7] 117478011 177476996 237475980 282475218 > (x32 <- normalize(x1_2, unit = "32", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = FALSE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Stereo PCM (integer format): TRUE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 32 > x32@left[1:10] [1] 33554 134251282 268469010 402686738 536904466 654344978 [7] 788562706 906003218 1023443730 1140884242 > x32@right[1:10] [1] -271254028 -204145164 -137036300 -69927436 -2818572 64290292 [7] 131399156 198508020 265616884 315948532 > (x33 <- normalize(x1_2, unit = "32", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = TRUE, pcm = FALSE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Stereo PCM (integer format): FALSE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 32 > round(x33@left[1:10], 5) [1] 0.00001 0.05589 0.11177 0.16765 0.22353 0.27242 0.32830 0.37719 0.42609 [10] 0.47498 > round(x33@right[1:10], 5) [1] -0.11293 -0.08499 -0.05705 -0.02911 -0.00117 0.02677 0.05470 0.08264 [9] 0.11058 0.13154 > (x34 <- normalize(x1_2, unit = "32", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = FALSE, pcm = FALSE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Stereo PCM (integer format): FALSE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 32 > round(x34@left[1:10], 5) [1] 0.00002 0.06252 0.12502 0.18752 0.25002 0.30470 0.36720 0.42189 0.47658 [10] 0.53127 > round(x34@right[1:10], 5) [1] -0.12631 -0.09506 -0.06381 -0.03256 -0.00131 0.02994 0.06119 0.09244 [9] 0.12369 0.14712 > (x35 <- normalize(x1_2, unit = "64", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = TRUE, pcm = FALSE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Stereo PCM (integer format): FALSE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 64 > round(x35@left[1:10], 7) [1] 0.0000140 0.0558924 0.1117708 0.1676492 0.2235276 0.2724212 0.3282996 [8] 0.3771932 0.4260868 0.4749804 > round(x35@right[1:10], 7) [1] -0.1129303 -0.0849911 -0.0570519 -0.0291127 -0.0011734 0.0267658 [7] 0.0547050 0.0826442 0.1105834 0.1315378 > (x36 <- normalize(x1_2, unit = "64", center = TRUE, level = 1, rescale = FALSE, pcm = FALSE)) Wave Object Number of Samples: 500 Duration (seconds): 0.01 Samplingrate (Hertz): 44100 Channels (Mono/Stereo): Stereo PCM (integer format): FALSE Bit (8/16/24/32/64): 64 > round(x36@left[1:10], 7) [1] 0.0000156 0.0625156 0.1250156 0.1875156 0.2500156 0.3047031 0.3672031 [8] 0.4218906 0.4765781 0.5312656 > round(x36@right[1:10], 7) [1] -0.1263125 -0.0950625 -0.0638125 -0.0325625 -0.0013125 0.0299375 [7] 0.0611875 0.0924375 0.1236875 0.1471250 > > proc.time() user system elapsed 0.45 0.12 0.51