if (requireNamespace("ranger", quietly = TRUE)) {
  
  data_fifa <- fifa20$data[!colnames(fifa20$data) %in%
                            c('value_eur', 'gk_diving', 'gk_handling',
                              'gk_kicking', 'gk_reflexes', 'gk_speed', 'gk_positioning')]
  x <- na.omit(cbind(data_fifa, target = fifa20$target))

  ranger_with_cat_model <- ranger::ranger(target ~ ., data = x, max.depth = 10, num.trees = 10)

  x <- x[colnames(x) != 'work_rate']


  ranger_num_model <- ranger::ranger(target ~ ., data = x, max.depth = 10, num.trees = 10)


  test_that('ranger.unify creates an object of the appropriate class', {
    expect_true(is.model_unified(ranger.unify(ranger_num_model, x)))
    expect_true(is.model_unified(unify(ranger_num_model, x)))
  })

  test_that('ranger.unify returns an object with correct attributes', {
    unified_model <- ranger.unify(ranger_num_model, x)

    expect_equal(attr(unified_model, "missing_support"), FALSE)
    expect_equal(attr(unified_model, "model"), "ranger")
  })

  test_that('the ranger.unify function returns data frame with columns of appropriate column', {
    unifier <- ranger.unify(ranger_num_model, x)$model
    expect_true(is.integer(unifier$Tree))
    expect_true(is.integer(unifier$Node))
    expect_true(is.character(unifier$Feature))
    expect_true(is.factor(unifier$Decision.type))
    expect_true(is.numeric(unifier$Split))
    expect_true(is.integer(unifier$Yes))
    expect_true(is.integer(unifier$No))
    expect_true(all(is.na(unifier$Missing)))
    expect_true(is.numeric(unifier$Prediction))
    expect_true(is.numeric(unifier$Cover))
  })

  test_that("shap calculates without an error", {
    unifier <- ranger.unify(ranger_num_model, x)
    expect_error(treeshap(unifier, x[1:3,], verbose = FALSE), NA)
  })

  test_that("ranger: predictions from unified == original predictions", {
    unifier <- ranger.unify(ranger_num_model, x)
    obs <- x[1:16000, ]
    original <- ranger::predictions(stats::predict(ranger_num_model, obs))
    from_unified <- predict(unifier, obs)
    expect_true(all(abs((from_unified - original) / original) < 10**(-14)))
  })

  test_that("ranger: mean prediction calculated using predict == using covers", {
    unifier <- ranger.unify(ranger_num_model, x)

    intercept_predict <- mean(predict(unifier, x))

    ntrees <- sum(unifier$model$Node == 0)
    leaves <- unifier$model[is.na(unifier$model$Feature), ]
    intercept_covers <- sum(leaves$Prediction * leaves$Cover) / sum(leaves$Cover) * ntrees

    #expect_true(all(abs((intercept_predict - intercept_covers) / intercept_predict) < 10**(-14)))
    expect_equal(intercept_predict, intercept_covers)
  })

  test_that("ranger: covers correctness", {
    unifier <- ranger.unify(ranger_num_model, x)

    roots <- unifier$model[unifier$model$Node == 0, ]
    expect_true(all(roots$Cover == nrow(x)))

    internals <- unifier$model[!is.na(unifier$model$Feature), ]
    yes_child_cover <- unifier$model[internals$Yes, ]$Cover
    no_child_cover <- unifier$model[internals$No, ]$Cover
    if (all(is.na(internals$Missing))) {
      children_cover <- yes_child_cover + no_child_cover
    } else {
      missing_child_cover <- unifier$model[internals$Missing, ]$Cover
      missing_child_cover[is.na(missing_child_cover)] <- 0
      missing_child_cover[internals$Missing == internals$Yes | internals$Missing == internals$No] <- 0
      children_cover <- yes_child_cover + no_child_cover + missing_child_cover
    }
    expect_true(all(internals$Cover == children_cover))
  })
}