test_that("In-sample one-hot encoding works for unordered categorical variables", {
  x1 <- c(3, 2, 1, 4, 3, 2, 3, 2, 4, 2)
  x1_onehot <- oneHotInitializeAndEncode(x1)
  # fmt: skip
  x1_expected <- matrix(
        c(0,0,1,0,0,
          0,1,0,0,0,
          1,0,0,0,0,
          0,0,0,1,0,
          0,0,1,0,0,
          0,1,0,0,0,
          0,0,1,0,0,
          0,1,0,0,0,
          0,0,0,1,0,
          0,1,0,0,0),
    byrow = TRUE, ncol = 5)
  x1_levels_expected <- c("1", "2", "3", "4")

  x2 <- c("a", "c", "b", "c", "d", "a", "c", "a", "b", "d")
  x2_onehot <- oneHotInitializeAndEncode(x2)
  # fmt: skip
  x2_expected <- matrix(
        c(1,0,0,0,0,
          0,0,1,0,0,
          0,1,0,0,0,
          0,0,1,0,0,
          0,0,0,1,0,
          1,0,0,0,0,
          0,0,1,0,0,
          1,0,0,0,0,
          0,1,0,0,0,
          0,0,0,1,0),
        byrow = TRUE, ncol = 5)
  x2_levels_expected <- c("a", "b", "c", "d")

  x3 <- c(3.2, 2.4, 1.5, 4.6, 3.2, 2.4, 3.2, 2.4, 4.6, 2.4)
  x3_onehot <- oneHotInitializeAndEncode(x3)
  # fmt: skip
  x3_expected <- matrix(
        c(0,0,1,0,0,
          0,1,0,0,0,
          1,0,0,0,0,
          0,0,0,1,0,
          0,0,1,0,0,
          0,1,0,0,0,
          0,0,1,0,0,
          0,1,0,0,0,
          0,0,0,1,0,
          0,1,0,0,0),
        byrow = TRUE, ncol = 5)
  x3_levels_expected <- c("1.5", "2.4", "3.2", "4.6")

  expect_equal(x1_onehot$Xtilde, x1_expected)
  expect_equal(x2_onehot$Xtilde, x2_expected)
  expect_equal(x3_onehot$Xtilde, x3_expected)
  expect_equal(x1_onehot$unique_levels, x1_levels_expected)
  expect_equal(x2_onehot$unique_levels, x2_levels_expected)
  expect_equal(x3_onehot$unique_levels, x3_levels_expected)
})

test_that("Out-of-sample one-hot encoding works for unordered categorical variables", {
  x1 <- c(3, 2, 1, 4, 3, 2, 3, 2, 4, 2)
  x1_test <- c(1, 2, 4, 3, 5)
  x1_test_onehot <- oneHotEncode(x1_test, levels(factor(x1)))
  # fmt: skip
  x1_test_expected <- matrix(
        c(1,0,0,0,0,
          0,1,0,0,0,
          0,0,0,1,0,
          0,0,1,0,0,
          0,0,0,0,1),
        byrow = TRUE, ncol = 5)

  x2 <- c("a", "c", "b", "c", "d", "a", "c", "a", "b", "d")
  x2_test <- c("a", "c", "g", "b", "f")
  x2_test_onehot <- oneHotEncode(x2_test, levels(factor(x2)))
  # fmt: skip
  x2_test_expected <- matrix(
        c(1,0,0,0,0,
          0,0,1,0,0,
          0,0,0,0,1,
          0,1,0,0,0,
          0,0,0,0,1),
        byrow = TRUE, ncol = 5)

  x3 <- c(3.2, 2.4, 1.5, 4.6, 3.2, 2.4, 3.2, 2.4, 4.6, 2.4)
  x3_test <- c(10.3, -0.5, 4.6, 3.2, 1.8)
  x3_test_onehot <- oneHotEncode(x3_test, levels(factor(x3)))
  # fmt: skip
  x3_test_expected <- matrix(
        c(0,0,0,0,1,
          0,0,0,0,1,
          0,0,0,1,0,
          0,0,1,0,0,
          0,0,0,0,1),
        byrow = TRUE, ncol = 5)

  expect_equal(x1_test_onehot, x1_test_expected)
  expect_equal(x2_test_onehot, x2_test_expected)
  expect_equal(x3_test_onehot, x3_test_expected)
})

test_that("In-sample preprocessing for ordered categorical variables", {
  string_var_response_levels <- c(
    "1. Strongly disagree",
    "2. Disagree",
    "3. Neither agree nor disagree",
    "4. Agree",
    "5. Strongly agree"
  )

  x1 <- c(
    "1. Strongly disagree",
    "3. Neither agree nor disagree",
    "2. Disagree",
    "4. Agree",
    "3. Neither agree nor disagree",
    "5. Strongly agree",
    "4. Agree"
  )
  x1_preprocessing <- orderedCatInitializeAndPreprocess(x1)
  x1_vector_expected <- c(1, 3, 2, 4, 3, 5, 4)
  x1_levels_expected <- string_var_response_levels

  x2 <- factor(x1, levels = string_var_response_levels, ordered = TRUE)
  x2_preprocessing <- orderedCatInitializeAndPreprocess(x2)
  x2_vector_expected <- c(1, 3, 2, 4, 3, 5, 4)
  x2_levels_expected <- string_var_response_levels

  string_var_levels_reordered <- c(
    "5. Strongly agree",
    "4. Agree",
    "3. Neither agree nor disagree",
    "2. Disagree",
    "1. Strongly disagree"
  )
  x3 <- factor(x1, levels = string_var_levels_reordered, ordered = TRUE)
  x3_preprocessing <- orderedCatInitializeAndPreprocess(x3)
  x3_vector_expected <- c(5, 3, 4, 2, 3, 1, 2)
  x3_levels_expected <- string_var_levels_reordered

  x4 <- c(3, 2, 4, 6, 5, 2, 3, 1, 3, 4, 6)
  x4_preprocessing <- orderedCatInitializeAndPreprocess(x4)
  x4_vector_expected <- c(3, 2, 4, 6, 5, 2, 3, 1, 3, 4, 6)
  x4_levels_expected <- c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6")

  expect_equal(x1_preprocessing$x_preprocessed, x1_vector_expected)
  expect_equal(x2_preprocessing$x_preprocessed, x2_vector_expected)
  expect_equal(x3_preprocessing$x_preprocessed, x3_vector_expected)
  expect_equal(x4_preprocessing$x_preprocessed, x4_vector_expected)
  expect_equal(x1_preprocessing$unique_levels, x1_levels_expected)
  expect_equal(x2_preprocessing$unique_levels, x2_levels_expected)
  expect_equal(x3_preprocessing$unique_levels, x3_levels_expected)
  expect_equal(x4_preprocessing$unique_levels, x4_levels_expected)
})

test_that("Out-of-sample preprocessing for ordered categorical variables", {
  string_var_response_levels <- c(
    "1. Strongly disagree",
    "2. Disagree",
    "3. Neither agree nor disagree",
    "4. Agree",
    "5. Strongly agree"
  )

  x1 <- c(
    "1. Strongly disagree",
    "3. Neither agree nor disagree",
    "2. Disagree",
    "4. Agree",
    "3. Neither agree nor disagree",
    "5. Strongly agree",
    "4. Agree"
  )
  x1_preprocessing <- orderedCatPreprocess(x1, string_var_response_levels)
  x1_vector_expected <- c(1, 3, 2, 4, 3, 5, 4)

  x2 <- factor(x1, levels = string_var_response_levels, ordered = TRUE)
  x2_preprocessing <- orderedCatPreprocess(x2, string_var_response_levels)
  x2_vector_expected <- c(1, 3, 2, 4, 3, 5, 4)

  x3 <- c(
    "1. Strongly disagree",
    "6. Other",
    "7. Also other",
    "4. Agree",
    "3. Neither agree nor disagree",
    "5. Strongly agree",
    "4. Agree"
  )
  expected_warning_message <- "Variable includes ordered categorical levels not included in the original training set"
  expect_warning(
    x3_preprocessing <- orderedCatPreprocess(x3, string_var_response_levels),
    expected_warning_message
  )
  x3_vector_expected <- c(1, 6, 6, 4, 3, 5, 4)

  x4 <- c(3, 2, 4, 6, 5, 2, 3, 1, 3, 4, 6)
  x4_preprocessing <- orderedCatPreprocess(x4, c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6"))
  x4_vector_expected <- c(3, 2, 4, 6, 5, 2, 3, 1, 3, 4, 6)

  expect_equal(x1_preprocessing, x1_vector_expected)
  expect_equal(x2_preprocessing, x2_vector_expected)
  expect_equal(x3_preprocessing, x3_vector_expected)
  expect_equal(x4_preprocessing, x4_vector_expected)
})