Molecular footprints of muscle-invasive bladder cancer in smoking and	nonsmoking patients.

APOBEC Deaminases; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinogenesis; Carcinogens; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation Rate; Non-Smokers; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Receptors, Peptide; Smokers; Smoking; Survival Analysis; Tobacco; Up-Regulation; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urothelium

Bladder cancer is the fifth most common cancer in	  the United States and smoking is the largest known risk factor. Tobacco-derived	  carcinogens may induce the accumulation of somatic mutations in urothelial cells,	  and likely promote tumorigenesis. However, it is still unknown whether	  smoking-induced bladder carcinogenesis results in tumors with distinctive molecular	  features that can be therapeutically exploited.

Genomic classification and risk stratification of bladder cancer.

Genomics; Humans; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Risk Assessment; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men and fifth most	  common overall. The use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches is crucial	  to precisely characterize the molecular defects of tumors, and this information	  could be combined with other clinical data, such as tumor histology and TNM	  staging, with the goal of precise tumor classification. In many settings, targeted	  NGS is evaluated in patients with first- and second-line metastatic cancer. Yet, in	  the decade to come we anticipate increased application of precision oncology at all	  stages of bladder cancer with the aim of customizing cancer treatment. Here, we	  review the genomic and transcriptomic features associated with risk stratification	  in bladder cancer and summarize the current efforts for precision oncology in	  localized urothelial carcinomas.

The BBN model: a mouse bladder cancer model featuring basal-subtype gene expression and MLL3/MLL4 genetic disruption.

Resetting the epigenetic balance of Polycomb and COMPASS function at enhancers for cancer therapy.