R version 4.4.0 alpha (2024-03-26 r86209 ucrt)
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> library(lme4)
Loading required package: Matrix
> library(testthat)
> library(lattice)
> testLevel <- if (nzchar(s <- Sys.getenv("LME4_TEST_LEVEL"))) as.numeric(s) else 1
> 
> options(nwarnings = 5000)# instead of 50, and then use  summary(warnings())
> 
> if (testLevel>1) {
+ ### __ was ./profile_plots.R ___
+ fm1 <- lmer(Reaction~ Days + (Days|Subject), sleepstudy)
+ pfile <- system.file("testdata","tprfm1.RData", package="lme4")
+ if(file.exists(pfile)) print(load(pfile)) else withAutoprint({
+     system.time( tpr.fm1 <- profile(fm1, optimizer="Nelder_Mead") ) ## 5 sec (2018); >= 50 warnings !?
+     save(tpr.fm1, file= "../../inst/testdata/tprfm1.RData")
+ })
+ oo <- options(warn = 2) # {warnings are errors from here on}
+ 
+ if(!dev.interactive(orNone=TRUE)) pdf("profile_plots.pdf")
+ xyplot(tpr.fm1)
+ splom(tpr.fm1)
+ densityplot(tpr.fm1, main="densityplot( profile(lmer(..)) )")
+ 
+ ## various scale options
+ xyplot(tpr.fm1,scale=list(x=list(relation="same")))  ## stupid
+ xyplot(tpr.fm1,scale=list(y=list(relation="same")))
+ xyplot(tpr.fm1,scale=list(y=list(relation="same"),tck=0))
+ 
+ ##
+ expect_error(xyplot(tpr.fm1,conf=50),"must be strictly between 0 and 1")
+ 
+ ### end {profile_plots.R}
+ 
+ fm01ML <- lmer(Yield ~ 1|Batch, Dyestuff, REML = FALSE)
+ 
+ ## 0.8s (on a 5600 MIPS 64bit fast(year 2009) desktop "AMD Phenom(tm) II X4 925"):
+ ##
+ system.time( tpr <- profile(fm01ML) )
+ 
+ ## test all combinations of 'which', including plots (but don't show plots)
+ wlist <- list(1:3,1:2,1,2:3,2,3,c(1,3))
+ invisible(lapply(wlist,function(w) xyplot(profile(fm01ML,which=w))))
+ 
+ (confint(tpr) -> CIpr)
+ print(xyplot(tpr))
+ ##  comparing against lme4a reference values -- but lme4 returns sigma
+ ## rather than log(sigma)
+ stopifnot(dim(CIpr) == c(3,2),
+           all.equal(unname(CIpr[".sigma",]),exp(c(3.64362, 4.21446)), tolerance=1e-6),
+           all.equal(unname(CIpr["(Intercept)",]),c(1486.451500,1568.548494)))
+ 
+ options(oo)# warnings allowed ..
+ 
+ ## fixed-effect profiling with vector RE
+ data(Pastes)
+ fmoB <- lmer(strength ~ 1 + (cask | batch), data=Pastes,
+              control = lmerControl(optimizer = "bobyqa"))
+ (pfmoB <- profile(fmoB, which = "beta_", alphamax=.001))
+ xyplot(pfmoB)# nice and easy ..
+ 
+ summary(
+     fm <- lmer(strength ~ 1 + (cask | batch), data=Pastes,
+                control = lmerControl(optimizer = "nloptwrap",
+                                      calc.derivs= FALSE))
+ )
+ 
+ ls.str(environment(nloptwrap))# showing *its* defaults
+ 
+ pfm <- profile(fm, which = "beta_", alphamax=.001) # 197 warnings for "nloptwrap"
+ summary(warnings())
+ str(pfm) # only 3 rows, .zeta = c(0, NaN, Inf) !!!
+ try( xyplot(pfm) ) ## FIXME or rather the profiling or rather the "wrap on nloptr"
+ 
+ (testLevel <- lme4:::testLevel())
+ if(testLevel > 2) {
+ 
+     ## 2D profiles
+     fm2ML <- lmer(diameter ~ 1 + (1|plate) + (1|sample), Penicillin, REML=0)
+     system.time(pr2 <- profile(fm2ML)) # 5.2 sec, 2018-05: 2.1"
+     (confint(pr2) -> CIpr2)
+ 
+     lme4a_CIpr2 <-
+         structure(c(0.633565787613112, 1.09578224011285, -0.721864513060904,
+                     21.2666273835452, 1.1821039843372, 3.55631937954106, -0.462903300019305,
+                     24.6778176174587), .Dim = c(4L, 2L), .Dimnames = list(c(".sig01",
+                            ".sig02", ".lsig", "(Intercept)"), c("2.5 %", "97.5 %")))
+     lme4a_CIpr2[".lsig",] <- exp(lme4a_CIpr2[".lsig",])
+ 
+     stopifnot(all.equal(unname(CIpr2),unname(lme4a_CIpr2),tolerance=1e-6))
+ 
+     print(xyplot(pr2, absVal=0, aspect=1.3, layout=c(4,1)))
+     print(splom(pr2))
+ 
+     gm1 <- glmer(cbind(incidence, size - incidence) ~ period + (1 | herd),
+                  data = cbpp, family = binomial)
+ 
+     ## GLMM profiles
+     system.time(pr4 <- profile(gm1))  ## ~ 10 seconds
+ 
+     pr4.3 <- profile(gm1,which=3)
+     xyplot(pr4,layout=c(5,1),as.table=TRUE)
+ 
+     splom(pr4) ## used to fail because of NAs
+ 
+     nm1 <- nlmer(circumference ~ SSlogis(age, Asym, xmid, scal) ~ Asym|Tree,
+                  Orange, start = c(Asym = 200, xmid = 725, scal = 350))
+     if (FALSE) {
+         ## not working yet: detecting (slightly) lower deviance; not converging in 10k
+         pr5 <- profile(nm1,which=1,verbose=1,maxmult=1.2)
+         xyplot(.zeta~.focal|.par,type=c("l","p"),data=lme4:::as.data.frame.thpr(pr5),
+                scale=list(x=list(relation="free")),
+                as.table=TRUE)
+     }
+ }  ## testLevel > 2
+ 
+ if (testLevel > 3) {
+     fm3ML <- lmer(Reaction ~ Days + (Days|Subject), sleepstudy, REML=FALSE)
+     ## ~ 4 theta-variables (+ 2 fixed), 19 seconds | 2018-05: 7.4"
+     print(system.time(pr3 <- profile(fm3ML)))
+     print(xyplot(pr3))
+     print(splom(pr3))
+ 
+     if (testLevel > 4) {
+       if(requireNamespace("mlmRev")) {
+         data("Contraception", package="mlmRev")
+         ## fit already takes ~ 3 sec (2018-05)
+         fm2 <- glmer(use ~ urban+age+livch + (urban|district), Contraception, binomial)
+         print(system.time(pr5 <- profile(fm2,verbose=10))) # 2018-05: 462 sec = 7'42"
+         ## -> 5 warnings notably "non-monotonic profile for .sig02" (the RE's corr.)
+         print(xyplot(pr5))
+       }
+     }  ## testLevel > 4
+ 
+ }  ## testLevel > 3
+ 
+ library("parallel")
+ if (detectCores()>1) {
+ 
+     p0 <- profile(fm1, which="theta_")
+     ## http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12983137/how-do-detect-if-travis-ci-or-not
+     travis <- nchar(Sys.getenv("TRAVIS")) > 0
+     if(.Platform$OS.type != "windows" && !travis) {
+         prof01P <- profile(fm1, which="theta_", parallel="multicore", ncpus=2)
+         stopifnot(all.equal(p0,prof01P))
+     }
+ 
+     ## works in Solaris from an interactive console but not ???
+     ##   via R CMD BATCH
+ 
+     if (Sys.info()["sysname"] != "SunOS" && !travis) {
+         prof01P.snow <- profile(fm1, which="theta_", parallel="snow", ncpus=2)
+         stopifnot(all.equal(p0,prof01P.snow))
+     }
+ }
+ 
+ ## test profile/update from within functions
+ foo <- function() {
+     gm1 <- glmer(cbind(incidence, size - incidence) ~ period + (1 | herd),
+                  data = cbpp, family = binomial)
+     ## return
+     profile(gm1, which="theta_")
+ }
+ stopifnot(inherits(foo(), "thpr"))
+ } ## testLevel>1
> 
> proc.time()
   user  system elapsed 
   1.92    0.28    2.17