R Under development (unstable) (2023-11-03 r85470 ucrt) -- "Unsuffered Consequences"
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> if (.Platform$OS.type != "windows") {
+     library(lme4)
+     library(testthat)
+ 
+     .get.checkingOpts <- lme4:::.get.checkingOpts
+     stopifnot(identical(
+         .get.checkingOpts(
+             c("CheckMe", "check.foo", "check.conv.1", "check.rankZ", "check.rankX"))
+       , c("check.foo", "check.rankZ")))
+ 
+     lmod <- lFormula(Reaction ~ Days + (Days|Subject), sleepstudy)
+     devfun <- do.call(mkLmerDevfun, lmod)
+     opt <- optimizeLmer(devfun)
+     cc <- lme4:::checkConv(attr(opt,"derivs"), opt$par, ctrl = lmerControl()$checkConv,
+                            lbound=environment(devfun)$lower)
+     fm1 <- mkMerMod(environment(devfun), opt, lmod$reTrms, fr = lmod$fr,
+                     lme4conv=cc)
+     fm2 <- lmer(Reaction ~ Days + (Days|Subject), sleepstudy)
+ 
+     ## basic equivalence
+     fm1C <- fm1
+     fm1C@call <- fm2@call
+     expect_equal(fm2,fm1C)
+     expect_equal(range(residuals(fm1)), c(-101.18, 132.547), tolerance = 1e-5) # these are "outliers"!
+     expect_is(model.frame(fm1),"data.frame")
+     ## formulae
+     mfm1 <- model.frame(fm1)
+     expect_equal(formula(fm1),         Reaction ~ Days + (Days | Subject))
+     expect_equal(formula(terms(mfm1)), Reaction ~ Days + (Days + Subject))
+     new_form_modframe <- (getRversion() >= "3.6.0" &&
+                           as.numeric(version[["svn rev"]]) >= 75891)
+     expect_equal(formula(mfm1),
+                  if(new_form_modframe) {
+                      Reaction ~ Days + (Days + Subject)
+                  } else
+                      Reaction ~ Days + Subject
+                  )
+     ## predictions
+     expect_equal(predict(fm1,newdata=sleepstudy[1:10,],re.form=NULL),
+                  predict(fm2,newdata=sleepstudy[1:10,],re.form=NULL))
+     expect_equal(predict(fm1,newdata=sleepstudy),
+                  predict(fm1))
+ 
+     lmodOff <- lFormula(Reaction ~ Days + (Days|Subject) + offset(0.5*Days),
+                         sleepstudy)
+     devfunOff <- do.call(mkLmerDevfun, lmodOff)
+     opt <- optimizeLmer(devfunOff)
+     fm1Off <- mkMerMod(environment(devfunOff), opt, lmodOff$reTrms, fr = lmodOff$fr)
+     fm2Off <- lmer(Reaction ~ Days + (Days|Subject) + offset(0.5*Days), sleepstudy)
+     expect_equal(predict(fm1Off,newdata=sleepstudy[1:10,],re.form=NULL),
+                  predict(fm2Off,newdata=sleepstudy[1:10,],re.form=NULL))
+ 
+     ## FIXME: need more torture tests with offset specified, in different environments ...
+ 
+     ## FIXME: drop1(.) doesn't work with modular objects ... hard to see how it
+     ##  could, though ...
+     ## drop1(fm1Off)
+     drop1(fm2Off)
+ 
+ } ## skip on windows (for speed)
> 
> proc.time()
   user  system elapsed 
   0.10    0.04    0.15