R version 4.6.0 beta (2026-04-12 r89872 ucrt) -- "Because it was There" Copyright (C) 2026 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions. Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details. R is a collaborative project with many contributors. Type 'contributors()' for more information and 'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications. Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or 'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help. Type 'q()' to quit R. > library(testthat) > library(inequality) > > test_check("inequality") -- Atkinson Index -------------------------------------------------------------- * Value: 0.1506 * Epsilon: 0.5 * EDE income: 41783.21 * Mean income: 49190.12 * Observations: 1000 -- Inequality Comparison (n = 1000) -------------------------------------------- * Gini 0.4300 * Theil T (GE1) 0.3307 * Theil L (GE0) 0.3241 * Atkinson (e=0.5) 0.1506 * Atkinson (e=1.0) 0.2768 * Palma ratio 2.1528 * Hoover 0.3126 * P90/P10 7.8282 * P80/P20 3.9206 -- Concentration Index --------------------------------------------------------- * Value: 0.245 * Observations: 100 -- Between-Within Decomposition (Theil T (GE(1))) ------------------------------ * Total: 0.463 * Between: 0.116 (25.1%) * Within: 0.347 (74.9%) -- Group Detail -- * A: n=400, mean=31572, pop=40%, income=24.1% * B: n=350, mean=44006, pop=35%, income=29.4% * C: n=250, mean=97783, pop=25%, income=46.6% -- Gini Coefficient ------------------------------------------------------------ * Gini: 0.43 * Observations: 1000 * Bootstrap 95% CI: [0.4073, 0.4532] -- Growth Incidence Curve ------------------------------------------------------ * Quantiles: 20 * Mean growth: 4.95% * Median growth: 5.24% * Bottom decile growth: 1.61% * Top decile growth: 5.77% -- Hoover Index ---------------------------------------------------------------- * Value: 0.3126 * Observations: 1000 -- Fiscal Progressivity (Proportional) ----------------------------------------- * Kakwani index: 0 * Reynolds-Smolensky index: 0 * Pre-tax Gini: 0.43 * Post-tax Gini: 0.43 * Tax concentration coefficient: 0.43 * Average tax rate: 20% * Observations: 1000 -- Kolm Index (absolute inequality) -------------------------------------------- * Value: 46736.2301 * Alpha: 1 * Observations: 1000 -- Lorenz Curve ---------------------------------------------------------------- * Observations: 1000 * Gini coefficient: 0.43 -- Palma Ratio ----------------------------------------------------------------- * Palma ratio: 2.1528 * Top 10% share: 31.5% * Bottom 40% share: 14.6% * Observations: 1000 -- Percentile Ratio (P90/P10) -------------------------------------------------- * Ratio: 7.83 * P90: 101314.08 * P10: 12942.26 * Observations: 1000 -- Polarisation ---------------------------------------------------------------- * Wolfson index: 0.1988 * Gini: 0.43 * Median income: 35934.96 * Mean income: 49190.12 * Observations: 1000 -- Poverty Measures (line = 35935.92) ------------------------------------------ * Headcount (FGT0): 50% * Poverty gap (FGT1): 0.2093 * Severity (FGT2): 0.115 * Sen index: 0.2767 * Watts index: 0.3226 * Poor: 500 of 1000 observations -- S-Gini (standard Gini, delta = 2) ------------------------------------------- * Value: 0.43 * Observations: 1000 -- Income Shares --------------------------------------------------------------- * Bottom 50%: 21.2% of income (50% of population) * P50-P90: 47.2% of income (40% of population) * P90-P99: 24.2% of income (9% of population) * Top 1%: 7.3% of income (1% of population) * Observations: 1000 -- Theil T (GE(1)) ------------------------------------------------------------- * Value: 0.3307 * Observations: 1000 [ FAIL 0 | WARN 0 | SKIP 0 | PASS 155 ] > > proc.time() user system elapsed 4.06 0.75 4.81