R Under development (unstable) (2023-11-16 r85542 ucrt) -- "Unsuffered Consequences"
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> library("R.utils")
Loading required package: R.oo
Loading required package: R.methodsS3
R.methodsS3 v1.8.2 (2022-06-13 22:00:14 UTC) successfully loaded. See ?R.methodsS3 for help.
R.oo v1.25.0 (2022-06-12 02:20:02 UTC) successfully loaded. See ?R.oo for help.

Attaching package: 'R.oo'

The following object is masked from 'package:R.methodsS3':

    throw

The following objects are masked from 'package:methods':

    getClasses, getMethods

The following objects are masked from 'package:base':

    attach, detach, load, save

R.utils v2.12.3 successfully loaded. See ?R.utils for help.

Attaching package: 'R.utils'

The following object is masked from 'package:utils':

    timestamp

The following objects are masked from 'package:base':

    cat, commandArgs, getOption, isOpen, nullfile, parse, warnings

> 
> # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> # First example
> # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> who <- "world"
> 
> # Compare this...
> cat(as.character(GString("Hello ${who}\n")))
Hello world
> 
> # ...to this.
> cat(GString("Hello ${who}\n"))
Hello ${who}
> 
> # Escaping
> cat(as.character(GString("Hello \\\\${who}\n")))
Hello \${who}
> 
> # Printing
> print(GString("Hello ${who}\n"))
[1] "Hello world\n"
> 
> 
> 
> # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> # Looping over vectors
> # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> x <- 1:5
> y <- c("hello", "world")
> cat(as.character(GString("(x,y)=(${x},${y})")), sep=", ")
(x,y)=(1,hello), (x,y)=(2,world), (x,y)=(3,hello), (x,y)=(4,world), (x,y)=(5,hello)> cat("\n")

> 
> cat(as.character(GString("(x,y)=(${x},$[capitalize]{y})")), sep=", ")
(x,y)=(1,Hello), (x,y)=(2,World), (x,y)=(3,Hello), (x,y)=(4,World), (x,y)=(5,Hello)> cat("\n")

> 
> cat(as.character(GString("(x,y)=(${x},$[toupper]{y})")), sep=", ")
(x,y)=(1,HELLO), (x,y)=(2,WORLD), (x,y)=(3,HELLO), (x,y)=(4,WORLD), (x,y)=(5,HELLO)> cat("\n")

> 
> 
> # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> # Predefined ("builtin") variables
> # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> cat(as.character(GString("Hello ${username} on host ${hostname} running ",
+ "R v${rversion} in process #${pid} on ${os}. R is installed in ${rhome}.")))
Hello CRAN on host CRANWIN3 running R v4.4.0 in process #16680 on windows. R is installed in D:/RCompile/recent/R.> 
> 
> # Other built-in variables/functions...
> cat(as.character(GString("Current date: ${date}\n")))
Current date: 2023-11-17
> cat(as.character(GString("Current date: $[format='%d/%m/%y']{date}\n")))
Current date: $[format='%d/%m/%y']{date}
> cat(as.character(GString("Current time: ${time}\n")))
Current time: 08:48:02
> 
> 
> # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> # Evaluating inline R code
> # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> cat(as.character(GString("Simple calculation: 1+1=${`1+1`}\n")))
Simple calculation: 1+1=2
> cat(as.character(GString("Alternative current date: ${`date()`}\n")))
Alternative current date: Fri Nov 17 08:48:02 2023
> 
> 
> # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> # Function values
> # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> # Call function rnorm with arguments n=1, i.e. rnorm(n=1)
> cat(as.character(GString("Random normal number: $[n=1]{rnorm}\n")))
Random normal number: $[n=1]{rnorm}
> 
> 
> # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> # Global search-replace feature
> # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> # Replace all '-' with '.'
> cat(as.character(GString("Current date: ${date/-/.}\n")))
Current date: 2023.11.17
> # Another example
> cat(as.character(GString("Escaped string: 12*12=${`12*12`/1/}\n")))
Escaped string: 12*12=44
> 
> 
> # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> # Defining new "builtin" function values
> # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> # Define your own builtin variables (functions)
> setMethodS3("getBuiltinAletter", "GString", function(object, ...) {
+   base::letters[runif(1, min=1, max=length(base::letters))]
+ })
> 
> cat(as.character(GString("A letter: ${aletter}\n")))
A letter: m
> cat(as.character(GString("Another letter: ${aletter}\n")))
Another letter: b
> 
> 
> # Another example
> setMethodS3("getBuiltinGstring", "GString", function(object, ...) {
+   # Return another GString.
+   GString("${date} ${time}")
+ })
> 
> if (FALSE) {
+ cat(as.character(GString("Advanced example: ${gstring}\n")))
+ 
+ 
+ # Advanced example
+ setMethodS3("getBuiltinRunif", "GString", function(object, n=1, min=0, max=1, ...) {
+   formatC(runif(n=n, min=min, max=max), ...)
+ })
+ 
+ cat(as.character(GString("A random number: ${runif}\n")))
+ n <- 5
+ cat(as.character(GString("${n} random numbers: ")))
+ cat(as.character(GString("$[n=n, format='f']{runif}")))
+ cat("\n")
+ 
+ 
+ # Advanced options.
+ # Options are parsed as if they are elements in a list, e.g.
+ #   list(n=runif(n=1,min=1,max=5), format='f')
+ cat(as.character(GString("$Random number of numbers: ")))
+ cat(as.character(GString("$[n=runif(n=1,min=1,max=5), format='f']{runif}")))
+ cat("\n")
+ 
+ } # if (FALSE)
> 
> proc.time()
   user  system elapsed 
   0.32    0.12    0.37